The Cuban Missile Crisis - 1016 Words

The world was at the brink of a third world war, which would be the war of all wars. Events leading up to this potential catastrophic war was the Cuban Revolution, the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, US anti-communism, insecurity of the Soviet Union, and Cubas fear of invasion. Thankfully, the conflict was avoided due to great cooperation from both President John F. Kennedy of the United States and Soviet Union leader, Nikita Khrushchev. Each decision made by each leader was vital in the outcome of The Crisis. Kennedys choice to take action by methods of quarantine instead of air strike and Khrushchevs decision to follow the quarantines were the two key decisions made by the leaders in order to prevent war. The Cuban Missile Crisis showed the world that compromising and discussion could prevent war. The Cuban Revolution was a background cause to the crisis. On January 1st, 1959, a Marxist government in Cuba would have seemed doubtful. To the communist party in Cuba, Fidel se emed reckless and predictable. In 1943 President Batista added communist to his Cabinet, who was used as the leader of his labor unions. Batista soon began to disappoint the Cuban communists and their loyalties shifted towards Castro. On December 1st, 1961 Castro claimed himself a Marxist and claimed he had always been a activist. Most Cubans admired Castro, supported his government, and accepted his actions. He preached about having the drive to help the poor and said he wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Cuban Missile Crisis1149 Words   |  5 Pagescausing a civil war. Both the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War illustrate the United States attempt to combat communism. The Cuban Missile Crisis in the prevention of a nuclear war. Whereas the Vietnam War ultimately curtailed the spread of communism. (CMC) During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S was trying to prevent a nuclear war, and attempting to contain the hostility between the U.S and the Soviet Union. In 1962, an American U2 plane spotted a Russian missile site being built with shortRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis1495 Words   |  6 PagesKennedy was made aware of Soviet missiles in Cuba. This was the testing ground, the closest the world has ever been to nuclear war, the Cuban Missile Crisis, 16-28 October, 1962. The future for millions of lives depended upon the ability of United States President John F. Kennedy and Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev to reach an agreement in which both did not lose face, and more importantly, the world survived. The events leading up to the Cuban Missile Crisis, as explained by Sheldon M. SternRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis1188 Words   |  5 Pageseven know. Topic Sentence: The Cuban missile was a crazy time. It happened some fifty years ago when John F. Kennedy was president. It was when one of U.S. spy plane caught Soviet Union trying to sneak some nuclear missiles into Cuba that was ninety miles off the United States’ coast. Soon enough president Kennedy had to talk to one of their leaders about what are they doing with the missiles and if they do not remove it there will be a war. The Cuban missile crisis happened during the Cold War betweenRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Essay2455 Words   |  10 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis bought the world closer to extinction than ever before. It was through the decisive actions of newly elected president John F Kennedy and then premier of the USSR Nikita Khrushchev that the confrontation did not escalate into all out nuclear war. The Cuban Missile Crisis lasted for 13 days, it was predicated on the fact that the Soviet Union was placing intercontinental ballistic missiles on the isla nd country of Cuba which is just off the coast of the United States nearRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis2013 Words   |  9 PagesInvestigation The purpose of this investigation is to establish the extent to which there was a victor at the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. This investigation will evaluate the position of both Khrushchev and Kennedy after the crisis in order to draw the victor. Looking into the intentions and goals of USA and the USSR leading up to, during, and recently after the crisis to determine the true victor, in between the years 1959 and 1979. Sources that will be used in this investigation includeRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis2100 Words   |  9 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban missile crisis was the most dangerous of the Cold War, but it still involves the two main superpower enemies; Russia and America, only this time Cuba got involved too. The Cold War happened because Read MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis5937 Words   |  24 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis The world was at the edge of a third world war. This was the result of a variety of things: the Cuban Revolution, the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, US anti-communism, insecurity of the Soviet Union, and Cubas fear of invasion all made causes for war. However, war was not the result due to great cooperation from both President Kennedy and President Khrushchev and each of the decisions made by the leaders was crucial in the outcome of The Crisis. Kennedys choiceRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Essay3251 Words   |  14 Pageswar. Looking back now, I realize the Cuban Missile Crisis was an extreme pivotal moment in the Cold War. 6 months ago my own country, the United States of America, had never been so close to Armageddon with the Soviet Union. On October 16th, 1962 I was informed that the CIA’s National Photographic Interpretation Centre had reviewed findings from U-2 aircraft photographs and had identified objects that were soon to be interpreted as medium range ballistic missiles. The U-2 flight, piloted by MajorRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesinevitable to the world, it was the first time nuclear war was hanging on a thread. The Cuban Missile Crisis presented a threat to the world, in which the USSR planted nuclear missiles on Cuba. America’s response was to threaten launching nuclear missiles at the Russians. This incident launched the world into a new time, which presented nuclear weapons as a source of power. The incident of the Cuban Missile Crisis still connects with us today because the power nuclear weapons present, which providesRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13 day political and military deadlock in 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union. It appeared that the Soviet Union was installing nuclear missiles in Cuba, and it was the closest the United States has ever came to a nuclear war. Using the movie, 13 Days, the Cuban Missile Crisis is explained and compared to the actual event. The crisis was led to by the Cold War. The Cold War was a period between 1947 and 1991 of geopolitical tension between the corrupted

Process and Activity to Iimplement the New System

Question: Discuss about theProcess and Activity to Iimplement the New System. Answer: Introduction The main purpose of the report is to design the process and activity to implement the new system for organization. The level 0 data flow diagram is design to identify and ensure the entire process of the organization. The current report is aimed to provide the business owners with the current business performance for the month of December. The business report will be focusing on the profitability by taking into the consideration the profitability ratios. To begin with, the current report analyses three types of products produced by the company and the profitability for each of the segment is taken into the consideration while reporting the financial obligations. The objective of this report is to provide lay down necessary recommendations to the management for future growth and expansion. Level 0 DFD The level 0 data flow diagram is a process to describe the entire data flow of a system. Data flow diagram have many level. But in this case only level 0 is used. The level 0 data flow diagram is used for produce the entire data flow and the communication system between the entities and process. The logical data flow diagram is focused on the main business process and its activities. Main activities and sub-activities of the Data Flow diagram Main activities Check status Issue status message Generate shipping order Manage account receivable Produce report Sub activities Place order Check stock Order confirmation Shipping order Payment process Invoice generate process Level 0 Diagram Figure 1: Level 0 DFD (Source: Created by Author) In the above level 0 dataflow diagram describe the dataflow process of the organization. The process or activities are denoted by round figure and the entities are denoted by rectangle. Total five process are present in the level 0 diagram. The customers place and order and this process is gone to the check status process. After placing order the check status process check the warehouse for availability of the ordered product. After that the order status is stored in the order database. When order is confirmed a confirmation message is send to the customer. The shipping process ready the product for shipping. Then customer make the payment and get the invoice. This process is handled by the account receivable process. All the information related account is stored in the account database. After all this the account department generate an inventory report. Level 1 Data Flow Diagram Figure 2: Level 1 Data Flow Diagram of Check status (Source: Created by author) Figure 3: Level 1 data flow diagram of Manage account receivable process (Source: Created by author) Inefficiencies in the current system The current system is very much inefficient. Most of the process are manual. Such as ordering process, order confirmation process, phone call process, and, and many more. The discount process and payment process also manual. This caused for data lose. Recommendations Create a new database system to manage all orders. Create a new system to automatically check the warehouse that which product is out of stock. Install a new database system for managing all process Create a new database system for managing all customer records. Create a system for new customers to register their self. Create a new information system for handling the entire process. These are the recommendation to improve the efficiency. Saasu Task Assessment of financial performance: To have an in depth performance analysis of the three components financial report for the succeeding year has been taken into the consideration. This will help in predicting the profitability for each of the segment reported during the year ended 2016 by the managers. For each of the component undertaken for evaluation a distinct selling amount with market demand is emphasised (Reimers, 2014). The profit and loss summary states that the total income derived from each of the three component is $40,681 with Product Train being the highest contributor in terms of sales revenue. Product race contributes only $1819.30 of the total income whereas other product represents $8,700. Cost of sales on the other hand significantly increased for product train where as component Other incurred cost of sales of $3,528. Recommendations: The above stated analysis undertaken to evaluate the three products represents different rate of gross profit despite having lowest rate of net profit margin. Below stated are the recommendations that the company should increase the degree of profitability by enhancing the efficiency. These includes; Improving the efficiency: Financial report states that organisation has the highest amount of sales for unit Race. Hence, it is recommended to the management of the organisations that they must focus on increasing the efficiency during the production of product Race instead of making further investment on the two products, Implementation of new strategy: From the analysis, it is evident that the gross profit for the product train is on the lower side. Hence, it is recommended that the managers should implement new strategy with the objective to reduce the cost of sales so that the business can cope up with the gross profit of other products as well. Robust resource planning: The managers need to decide on how to turn the new ideas into reality. This could be implemented through successful project deliverable or by implementing ERP system as this will help in keeping a track of the units produced through key attributes such as cost materials, fixed cost incurred etc. This will help in putting together a team of managers so that they can work within the budget line as key to maintain profitability. Improving liquidity: The current liquidity state can be improved by cutting down the number of days taken by debtors to make payment, as this will help in reducing the bad debt. Consequently, this will lead to generation profit within the shorter span of time. Reducing the instances of direct expenses: Direct expenses consist of cost of sales incurred during the production process of the three products. The managers are recommended that cutting down the cost of sales would help the organisation to earn higher rate of gross reporting. Additional reporting: Recommendations are also provided that the organisations should generate the following report which are as follows; Gross margin report: The managers are further advised to generate product based gross margin report for each of the produced product (Hoskin et al., 2014). Thus, reports can be generated by combining the cost price with the purchase price and can select the exceptional transactions, which is required to be included in the report. Statement of cash flow: The statement of cash flow forms one of the main source of financial reporting which helps in providing the information based on each of the segment used during the specified time interval (Weil et al, 2013). Such statements would help the management in ascertaining the changes made in the balance sheet accounts from cash and cash equivalent. Segmentation of profitability: As noted that the company is reporting under three segments thus, implementing segmentation based reporting will help in identifying the profit based on each of the segments. Variable income statements: A variable income statement is one of those statements where a company can keep a record for all the variable expenses that are deducted from the revenue generated to arrive at the stated contribution margin (Macve, 2015). In addition to this, such statement helps in covering the fixed cost in order to arrive at the net profit for the concerned period. References Reimers, J. L. (2014).Financial Accounting: Business Process Approach. Pearson Higher Ed. Hoskin, R. E., Fizzell, M. R., Cherry, D. C. (2014).Financial accounting: a user perspective. Wiley Global Education. Weil, R. L., Schipper, K., Francis, J. (2013).Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning. Macve, R. (2015).A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision, Tool, Or Threat?. Routledge.

To Kill a Mockingbird on Commitment Essay Example For Students

To Kill a Mockingbird: on Commitment Essay To Kill a Mockingbird: Essay on Commitment BY Firegtr11411 The Play of To Kill a Mockingbird Paragraph Plan for Critical Essay Task: Choose a play in which a character shows commitment to principles, ideals and individuals despite difficulties he encounters. Show what difficulties the character encounters and explain why he remains committed. A play in which a character shows commitment is the play of To Kill a Mockingbird, based on the novel by Harper Lee and dramatised by Christopher Sergel. The play, set in the American Deep South of the 1930, is about a white lawyer, Atticus Finch, who encounters difficulties in the orm of prejudice and hatred when he decides to defend a black man called Tom Robinson, accused of sexually assaulting a white woman. This essay will show how Atticus remains committed to his principles, ideals and individuals in the play by exploring setting, characterisation and key incidents. The difficulties the main character encounters are rooted in the setting of the play. We will write a custom essay on To Kill a Mockingbird: on Commitment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The action takes place in a village called Maycomb, a tired old town dominated by poverty, in Alabama in 1935. Racism was entrenched in the Deep South at the time and is highlighted in the frequent use of the highly offensive term nigger by the townspeople. Atticus is aware that his defence of a black man will create conflict for him and his family and reminds his children We will be fighting our friends, preparing them for a potential backlash. Atticus is a character who is committed to the principles of tolerance and empathy. He values empathy highly. When his children harass their recluse neighbour Boo, Atticus does not punish them but reminds them to show more empathy: miou see, you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view. Until you climb into his skin and walk around in it, showing hat he acts according to his principles. He is not frightened to stand up for his beliefs and, possibly surprisingly, is very tolerant in a prejudiced and bigoted society. He points out that One thing doesnt abide by majority rule a persons conscience. He is very courageous in pursuing this principle and is even willing to risk his own safety in the case of Tom Robinson he defends him from a lynch mob. Mr Cunningham, one of the villagers, warns him: mfou know what we want. Stop aside from the door, Mr Finch. It is impressive to see how Atticus, sitting outside the Jail ith a chair and a light, reading a book, remains calm, non-confrontational and defensive to defuse this situation full of difficulties. Atticus is a character that acts as an example to the audience as he lives by his commendable beliefs. Atticus decision to defend Tom shows he is committed to the accused despite encountering hostility. This decision is based on his belief in the fundamental strength of the American justice system. He declares in our courts all men are created equal but is at the same time aware of the limitations of that principle due to the potentially racist views f the Jury. He skilfully defends Tom and openly acknowledges Mayella Ewells motive for lying as she has broken a taboo: She has committed no crime, but she broke a rigid code of our society, a code so severe that whoever breaks it is hounded out from our midst as unfit to live with. He has some sympathy for Mayellas lie but also reminds her that it has put Toms freedom, even his life, at risk. During Atticus defence, he exposes Bob Ewell, Mayellas father, as a brutal and controlling liar and on by Bob, he stays calm and remarks dryly: l wish Bob Ewell wouldnt chew obacco. The trial creates enormous pressure on Atticus because of emotive issues involved but he remains principled and composed and delivers an impressive defence. .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 , .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 .postImageUrl , .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 , .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0:hover , .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0:visited , .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0:active { border:0!important; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0:active , .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0 .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb0e4d2c5a3d51aa59899b4e58dcccc0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chevron EssayDespite the shocking guilty verdict, the audience sense that a little victory has been achieved by Atticus as Bob Ewells true nature has been highlighted. Later on in the play Bob Ewell attacks Jem and Scout, an event a key incident and the climax of the play that Atticus did not foresee because he always tries to see the best in people. He falsely believes that Jem has killed Bob and wants his son to face he consequences, stating that he wont hush up but it becomes apparent Boo, the neighbour, killed Ewell to protect the children. It is a compliment to Atticus principled parenting that Scout at the end of the play a more mature person agrees with sheriffs attempt to protect their neighbour Boo, remarks, l mean, itd be sort of like shooting a mockingbird, wouldnt it. She acknowledges Boo does not do any harm to anybody with his lifestyle like a mockingbird and shows the kind of empathy in that Atticus wants his children to have for other people. At the end of the lay some of the conflict created by Tom Robinsons trial is resolved but with the prevalence of racism it is never far from the surface. In conclusion, Atticus is an impressive and admirable character who remains true to his ideals and principles of empathy, tolerance and equality in difficult circumstances created by the racism, intolerance and hatred around him. Instead of being a token lawyer for Tom, he stays true to the principle of equality before the law and delivers a committed and impressive defence. Atticus principles and actions act as a beacon of hope for more tolerance in a hostile environment.

Stress level among nurses that work in ER department in Nigeria and their work life balance. The WritePass Journal

Stress level among nurses that work in ER department in Nigeria and their work life balance. Abstract Stress level among nurses that work in ER department in Nigeria and their work life balance. , p. 25), which leads to a disconnection from both work and home life. This can have serious consequences if not dealt with effectively, which is why more needs to be done to tackle workplace stresses. This is especially the case when it comes to emergency departments since nurses are under a lot more pressure in the job and are subjected to greater physical demands than other departments. Consequently, it is believed that â€Å"emergency departments should be screened regularly on job and organisational characteristics to identify determinants of stress-health outcomes that can be the target of preventive interventions† (Adriaenssens, 2011, p. 1). Essentially, it is therefore important that the stress level among nurses that work in Emergency departments in Nigeria are reduced and that a work-life balance is being attained by all nurses. Research Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives of this research are to determine the stress levels amongst Nigerian nurses in order to determine whether they are receiving a work-life balance. This will enable a determination to be made as to whether interventions are needed to reduce the stress levels and whether Nigerian nurses working in emergency departments are more prone to stress than those working in other departments. Consideration as to how these nurses cope with stress will also be established, followed by an assessment as to what improvements need to be made in order to prevent nurse shortage ensuing within the emergency department. Research Questions Is stress prevalent amongst nurses in general? What are the levels of stress nurses within emergency departments subjected to and how does this compare with other departments? Are nurses working within emergency departments in Nigeria more likely to suffer from stress than those working in other departments? How do nurses cope with stress? What is nurse burnout? How serious is nurse burnout and in what ways can it be tackled? Are poor working conditions one of the main factors causing stress? Do Nigerian nurses working in emergency departments have a work-life balance? What interventions are needed to reduce the stress levels of Nigerian nurses? Is stress likely to result in nurse shortage? Predictions The underlying objective of this study is to determine the effect stress has upon nurses in Nigerian emergency departments and to consider present stress levels, whilst also analysing the work-life balance of these nurses. H1. Stress levels amongst Nigerian nurses are increased in emergency departments. H2. Nurse burnout is one of the main causes of stress. H3. Poor working conditions ultimately lead to stress. H4. Stress is likely to result in nurse shortage. H5. Nurses within emergency departments are subjected to higher levels of stress than nurses working in other departments. H6. It is important that stress amongst nurses is being sufficiently tackled. H7. Improvements to the working conditions of nurses would allow a work-life balance to be achieved. Key Words Nigerian Nurses Stress Levels Burnout Nigerian Emergency Departments Working Conditions Work-Life Balance Intervention Methodology Design A quantitative research approach will be utilised for this assignment in order to develop theories and hypotheses pertinent to the observations being made about the stress levels of Nigerian nurses working in emergency departments. Measurement is one of the main aspects of quantitative research and for this reason it is important that definitive comparisons between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative connections are made throughout this study. Data collected under this type of research consists of any data in numerical form such as statistics. Furthermore, quantitative data will also be collected from the use of questionnaires by asking participants various questions that are relevant to the hypothesis. Numerical data will then be collected and statistically analysed to answer the question using the data received. It is hoped that the data collected will help to determine the correlation between stress and health in nurses that work in emergency departme nts, whilst also considering how nurses cope with their personal life and the effects stress has on their work-life balance. The data that is to be analysed will be collected from applicable text books, journal articles, online databases and governmental reports. These will consist of both primary and secondary resources which will ensure that a deeper understanding of the subject matter can be acquired, whilst also obtaining an overall assessment of the stress levels amongst Nigerian nurses in emergency departments. An objective and subjective approach will be employed in doing so, as this will ensure that divergent viewpoints are incorporated into the study which will enable a critical evaluation to be made. The collection of immediate data will thus allow a proper assessment to be made as to the impact stress has upon nurses and an overview as to what changes ought to be made will be provided. The secondary data will enable the current phenomena surrounding the stress levels of N igerian nurses to be analysed which will allow the requirements of the study to be satisfied. Although secondary data is considered to be less reliable than primary data, it is important that the study includes existing observations of the hypotheses. Participants Since it would be unrealistic to study every nurse working within an emergency department in Nigeria, it is essential that only a pool of participants is selected. Furthermore, whilst it must be ensured that this pool is small, because of the impracticalities that would arise from studying a large pool, it is important that the amount of nurses studied is sufficient enough for the research question to be answered appropriately. Accordingly, approximately 100 voluntary participants will be used for this study and will consist of nurses from a specialist governmental hospital in Nigeria namely; Gwagwalada clinic and maternity in Abuja. In considering whether this sample size is appropriate, a power and sample size estimation will need to be undertaken. Therefore, it will need to be assessed whether â€Å"there is the possibility of harmful effects from participating in the study† (Taylor and Kermode, 2006, p. 207). Consequently, it will need to be shown that the study will achie ve the desired outcome (power) and that the number of people participating will help to achieve this (sample size). In addition, the data being collected must be measurable on the same scale and the sample size must not be too high. This is because, unnecessary time and expense would otherwise be utilised which would be detrimental to the study overall. Here, the power and sample size estimation has been satisfied since the data is of the same scale and measurement and the sample size does appear reasonable. Materials A questionnaire will be used for this study in order to determine the personal effects in which stress has upon the participants. In doing so, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) will be utilised so that the levels of anxiety and depression can easily be determined. The HADS was originally developed by Zigmond and Snaith (1983, pp. 361-370) and has been considered an effective way of measuring health (McDowell, 2006, p. 297) by looking at items on the questionnaire that relate to anxiety and depression. Once each item has been identified a score of 0-3 will then be given, which will allow a decision to be made as to the level of anxiety and depression that is prevalent amongst these nurses. The use of questionnaires is highly beneficial to this study as the impact in which stress has upon individual nurses in Nigeria will be more easily determined. In addition, the information that is gathered will be more applicable to the study and will help to address the concerns raised in the studies aims and objectives. Furthermore, the answers received will also be relevant to the hypotheses and a detailed account of the existing stress levels amongst nurses will be provided. Procedure Steps to be taken in the research process; Step 1: Determine the purpose of the research and identify the problem Step 2: Determine who the research project is aimed and review current literature surrounding the issue Step 3: Consider the requirements of the study and any limitations Step 4: Investigate the topic by gathering relevant information to be analysed Step 5: Consider what elements of the topic are the most important to the study Step 6: Define the population that is to be studied Step 7: Develop a data plan Step 8: Collect the applicable data Step 9: Analyse the data that has been collected Step 10: Compare the data collected with existing data in order to determine whether   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   hypotheses has been answered Literature Review Summary Nurses generally deal with life threatening conditions in all emergency departments and so are often faced with medical dilemmas which need to be dealt with immediately. Consequently, it is thus unsurprising that the working conditions can become rather strenuous, which ultimately leads to nurse burnout (Masters, 2009, p. 320). As a result of this, it is vital that various measures are implemented in all emergency departments so that the stress levels of nurses can be reduced. This will prevent nurse burnout from taking place and a work-life balance will be more easily ascertained. Whilst nurses are trained to deal with the difficulties they may face, it is important that the health and safety of nurses is also being given due consideration because â€Å"chronic stress takes a toll when there are additional stress factors like home stress, conflict at work, inadequate staffing, poor teamwork and poor supervision† (Kane, 2009, p. 28). Therefore, in order to avoid nurse burnout, it is necessary that all of these factors are avoided from the outset, since this would otherwise lead to inadequate care being provided to patients. Hence, it is therefore imperative that nurses have a work-life balance since this guarantees optimum performance (Nursing Times, 2011, p. 1). In order for a work–life balance to be achieved, it is important to firstly identify the causes of stress. This will allow effective changes to be implemented, which will help to avoid nurse burnout from being instigated in the first place. Unless the problems surrounding stress are acknowledged by emergency departments, it will not be tackled effectively. Emergency departments within underdeveloped countries, such as Nigeria, do appear to have greater stress levels than those within developed countries. This illustrates how a lack of resources will ultimately lead to inadequate conditions for nurses and as put by (Lasebikan and Oyetunde, 2012, pp. 1-2); â€Å"A growing recognition of job stress leading to dissatisfaction among registered nurses in Nigerian hospitals has contributed to current problems with recruitment and retention of nurses.† In accordance with this, it is likely that stress within emergency departments will result in nurse shortages. This is because; nurses will not want to be subjected to stressful conditions, which is why the causes of stress need to be dealt with efficiently. Despite the awareness surrounding these issues, it is clear that nurse burnout does commonly occur throughout Nigeri an hospitals. As absurd as this may seem, it is evident that stress is being insufficiently dealt with. Consequently, various measures therefore need to be implemented in order to reduce the levels of stress that occur within Nigerian emergency departments, yet it remains to be seen what measures will in fact be implemented. Conclusion Overall, it is evident that stress levels are prevalent amongst nurses within Nigerian emergency departments, which is largely due to the added pressure that nurses within these departments are being subjected to. Regardless of this, it seems as though stress can in fact be reduced provided that the problems associated with stress are properly dealt with. Whether this will ever be attained is questionable since it seems as though there has been an awareness of this problem for some time, yet Nigerian hospitals have still failed to implement adequate measures dealing with nurse burnout. Essentially, it is important that something is done to reduce the stress that currently persists as this may ultimately lead to nurse shortages within emergency departments. This would substantially affect the care that is currently provided to Nigerians and the emergency departments would be significantly affected as a result. Data Analysis Subsequent to all of the relevant data being collected, it will then need to be analysed so that a determination can be made as to whether stress levels within Nigerian emergency departments are high. In doing so, however, the data will first need to be cleaned through the inspection of each source so that a decision can be made as to whether the data should be used for the study: â€Å"the quality of the research should be judged in relation to the resources available and the effectiveness with which those resources have been used to investigate the particular topic in question† (Denscombe, 2009, p. 53). Once a thorough investigation of the collected data has been made, it can then be determined what data is most applicable to this particular study. Ethics There are a number of ethical issues that will need to be addressed when undertaking this study since the fundamental issues surrounding this topic are extremely sensitive. As such, it is necessary to ensure that the confidentiality and anonymity of the participants of the study are maintained and that permission to use the data collected is first obtained (Dawson, 2009, p. 150). The ethical rules of conduct will also need to be conformed to, which means that any data collected must be used in a way that is â€Å"honest, unbiased, sincere, free from errors or negligence, open to critique and it must protect confidential communications† (Rensik, 2011, p. 1). This can be achieved by adopting a risk-analysis approach and by conforming to the BPS guidelines. A letter of introduction and an ethics checklist will also be completed and provided to the hospital in order to gain their consent to carry out the research. References Adriaenssens, J. (2011) AE Staff Need Regular Stress Screening, Nursing Times, [Online] Available: nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/accident-and-emergency/ae-staff-need-regular-stress-screening/5027021.article [13 January 2013]. Dawson, C. (2009) Introduction to Research Methods: A Practical Guide for Anyone Undertaking a Research Project, How to Books Ltd, 4th Edition. Denscombe, M. (2009) Ground Rules for Social Research: Guidelines for Good Practice. 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill International. Kane, P. P. (2009) Stress Causing Psychosomatic Illness Among Nurses, Indian Journal of Occupational Environment Medicine, vol. 13, no. 1. Lasebikan, V. O. and Oyetunde, M. O. (2012) Burnout among Nurses in a Nigerian General Hospital: Prevalence and Associated Factors, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, [Online] Available: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3350958/#B7 [14 January 2013]. Masters, K. (2009) Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice, Jones Bartlett Publishers, 2nd Edition. McDowell, I. (2006) Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires, Oxford University Press. Nursing Times. (2011) How’s Your Work-Life Balance? [Online] Available: nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/educators/hows-your-work-life-balance/5030453.article [14 January 2013]. Resnik, D. B. (2011) What is Ethics in Research and Why is it Important?’ [Online] Available: niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/ [14 January 2013]. Simmons, S. (2012) Striving for Work-Life Balance, American Journal of Nursing, vol. 112, no. 1. Taylor, B. and Kermode, S. (2006) Nursing Research 3e, Cengage Learning in Australia, 3rd Edition. Zigmond, A. S. and Snaith, R. P. (1983) The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol. 67, no. 6.

Final Keywords)

Create a Java Constant Variable (Static/Final Keywords) A constant is a  variable  whose value cannot change once it has been assigned. Java doesnt have built-in support for constants, but the variable modifiers  static and final can be used to effectively create one. Constants can make your program more easily read and understood by others. In addition, a constant is cached by the JVM as well as your application, so using a constant can improve performance.   Static Modifier This allows a variable to be used without first creating an instance of the class; a static class member is associated with the class itself, rather than an object. All class instances share the same copy of the variable. This means that another application or main() can easily use it. For example, class myClass contains a static variable days_in_week: public class myClass {    static int days_in_week 7;} Because this variable is static, it can be used elsewhere without explicitly creating a myClass object: public class myOtherClass {      static void main(String[] args) {          System.out.println(myClass.days_in_week);    } } Final Modifier The final modifier means that the variables value cannot change. Once the value is assigned, it cannot be reassigned.   Primitive data types (i.e., int, short, long, byte, char, float, double, boolean) can be made immutable/unchangeable using the final modifier. Together, these modifiers create a constant variable. static final int DAYS_IN_WEEK 7; Note that we declared DAYS_IN_WEEK in all caps  once we added the final modifier. Its a long-standing practice among Java programmers to define constant variables in all caps, as well as to separate words with underscores. Java doesnt require this formatting but it makes it easier for anyone reading the code to immediately identify a constant.   Potential Problems With Constant Variables The way the final keyword works in Java is that the variables pointer to the value cannot change. Lets repeat that:  its the pointer that cannot change the location to which its pointing. Theres no guarantee that the object being referenced will stay the same, only that the variable will always hold a reference to the same object. If the referenced object is mutable (i.e. has fields that can be changed), then the constant variable may contain a value other than what was originally assigned.

Reflection on the Development and Application of a Fundamental Nursing Essay - 1

Reflection on the Development and Application of a Fundamental Nursing Skill in Nursing Practice - Essay Example While Scoliosis is the curving of the spine away from the midline, hence goes sideways (Burtner, et al., 1999, pp.748-57). Spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy patients and the feeding process I realized that patients with health conditions such as James have difficulties when it comes to feeding since he has problems with personal control and swallowing of food and drinks. For that purpose, keen nursing care needed to be given to ensure that the patient feeds and drinks well and is not suffocated in the process as fluid or food particles are likely to accidently sucked into the lungs. The swallowing process is governed by the swallowing centre in the medulla, and in the mid-oesophagus and distal oesophagus by largely autonomous peristaltic reflex that are coordinated by the enteric nervous system. If in the process of swallowing respiration does not stop, fluids and other food particles may enter the lungs causing suffocation (WGO, 2007). During the entire period and specifically dur ing the above mentioned event, other experienced care assistants were available to guide me through the process besides the mentor whom I had been assigned to. The purpose of being at this care home was to learn and improve on my skills of handling people with mental disability and James proved to be the best person to observe and learn from and thus fit a case study description. In the process of fluid feeding, it was important that I have a personal beaker that was dedicated to this activity and for this patient. His beaker was blue with small holes and a spout. Dysphagia may occur in two primary forms and these include Oropharyngeal Dysphagia where patients have a problem initiating a swallow as... The researcher talks about his five week program at a learning disability care home situated on the northwest of England. It was quite an experience and worked as an eye opener in my nursing career. At the time of his placement and throughout the period, the author of the paper happened to observe and took part in a program aimed at feeding the residents within the learning disability care home. In this program, the researcher focused mainly on a resident called James (real name withheld for confidentiality reasons) the NMC Code of conduct require nurses to respect patient confidentiality at all times. In this work the researcher will be using the Gibbs reflective cycle 1998 to guide him in writing and reflecting his thoughts and feelings about his experience. The Gibbs reflective cycle consists of six stages of and helps leaners reflect on what they have learnt or experiences they have gone through. This patient has a medical history of spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy; he suffer s from epilepsy and also scoliosis. As a result of his health condition, James has developed dysphagia- the difficulty someone may have in initiating a wallow or the sensation that foods or liquids are somehow hindered in their passage from mouth to stomach- and for that reason he has to eat and drink in a way that does not harm him and relies on nursing assistance. The author of this article tells that his experience while working at the disability care home exposed him to various issues that are considered in the management of patients with cerebral palsy.

Novel Essay Chapter Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Novel Chapter Analysis - Essay Example â€Å"Tapakwewin† is one of the World War I chapters, and it takes place in September in the area around Hill 70, near the village of Lens. The action in the chapter involves Xavier and Elijah sniping and their squad managing to take the hill from the German troops. This chapter also features the German flamethrower troops who symbolize quite well all the really horrible things about war. Mixed in with this action and horror are important character developments on the parts of Xavier and Elijah both. They also meet another Anishnabe soldier who helps to clearly define the role that Xavier’s and Elijah’s people play in the war, and how that defines who they are and the problems they have in the story itself. In relation to the other chapters of the novel, the reason that â€Å"Tapakwewin† seems central is that is really focuses on the characters of Elijah and Xavier, and how they are different and similar to one another, in a way that helps the reader to understand the novel’s central theme of loss during war-time. This theme is not only loss of life and health, as Xavier experiences, but loss of innocence and a loss of sanity. It also highlights another of the novel’s themes, which is the problems that Native Americans had and still have in integrating with the mainstream population while simultaneously maintaining their own unique traditions and cultures. The Elijah and Xavier featured in this chapter have both begun to change from who they were, and both seem to feel that they are on a course that can no longer be altered. Xavier shares Elijahs thoughts, revealing that he â€Å"wonders what is growing in him† (Boyden 262). â€Å"In the end,† he says, the answer is simple: â€Å"Elijah has learned to take pleasure in killing† (Boyden 262). This point, roughly 2/3 of the way through the novel, seems a pivotal one. In the